SUMMARY

«A Looking at the other one at work: paradoxes in our global world»
María Asunción Aneas Álvarez

In this article, the author pretends to show and illustrate some of the cultural paradoxes that take place in our society, in our complex global world.

Starting from a conceptualization of complex, dinamic and adaptable culture, she recovers the Models or scientific cultural Taxonomies used at the Social Sciences for identify, understand and investigate the cultures. Models that shows themselves as compact and exclusive and, focussing the attention on the expression of this cultures on the professional practice and the relationships at work, she shows how opposite cultural models prevail and coexist with another ones in practise , in spite of the dominant tendences of one models over other ones. In spite of the existence of lots of cultural components and of the consequent cultural analysis models, the author focus her attention on the two most theorically powerful and shocking at the world of work: The Model of the Individualism- collectivism and the Model of the High- Low Hierarchical distance.

«Europe’s look. The identity of a multicultural scene»
Marta García Aller

Can a common European Identity be found despite all the differences within the continent? How can European identity be possible? How does globalisation and immigrants arriving to Europe participate in this process? This article will approach all these questions considering the European identity is a cultural construction. It is much more important to focus on diversity, rather than searching in vain for a truly homogenous origin of Europe. Perhaps there is not one but multiple ways to share a common identity. The lack of an ultimate conception of European identity and its contradictions may permit to start developing of a desirable one, adapted to the challenges that multiculturalism posses. A new model of citizenship will be necessary.

«The USA, seeing my culture from the distance»
George Simons

Some values and ideas are sketched as unite the ideals of the American culture. The author explains in coherent way recent events and USA outer politics. From three apparently contradictory premises he detail the speech in intelligible form: The behaviors change although the values stay, the attachment to those values can colapsar the system of values and, under stress situations societies become very conservative.

«To be an Hindu in a global world»
Madhukar Shukla

Since 1991, when India opened its economy to the international competitiveness, this country, wich its independence dates from 1947, has to integrate into a more global reality. This new situation begins with obvious advantages: The multilingual and multicultural social reality, that helps this country to easily accept external cultural differences and new cultures and values; in another way it has got a previous knowledge of this reality, because India has not been isolated, it was first British Empire colonie and later was recipient of foreign technicals and proffesionals, that have contributed to the the country´s development. Nevertheless, the opening has brought contradictions; the most important are the following: the not uniform growth of the whole country, with social differences between a privileged collective, knowledgeable about the global world, and an underprivileged collective that look at this new situation like a threat; The generational division in one of the youngest societies of the world is obvious and, finally, the clear difference that exists between the rural and urban area.

«Gender and Right. How to buid the equality right to the advantage of African Women?»
Malika Benradi

We must assume that right receivers have gender and, so that, all social relationships have got it too. Historically the civilizationshave contributed to deprive the half of the world population, in every period, of the fundamental rights practising. The bid for democracy nowadays in Áfricaimplies the recognition of those rights and should de concreted in equal legal regulations. It is necessary to commit with a new construction of social relationships from this standpoint, this will allow to show the inherit equality of genders when it comes to develop its social responsabilities.

«The reform of the legal condition of women in Morocco and the reference matter»
AIcha El Haijami

The Islamic unfavourable image that prevails in the Western World is produced through simplistic parameters and stereotypes, exacerbated by the Occidental globalization process, the arab societys with an islamic tradition are complex, and we find conflicting processes on them. A perfect example of it is the constitutional controversy created round the women´s legal condition, visible part of a more extensive conflict between, at least, two different social models that modulate the essential components of legal system in different ways. In this case, the key is the interpretation of the holy scriptures in relation to the current situation: the importance that this interpretation should be given and who make that interpretation. In this way, it is important to recover the figure of the lawyer Al- Shatibilike a possible model, that could be able to overcome the debate and allow the final objective: the reform of the legal condition of women that allows the total parity with men.

«Immigrants´daughters and sons: The wrongly known as second generation»
Mª Inés Massot Lafón

This article belongs to the intercultural education field and meets a currenteducational demand, linked with the numerous migratory movements that are changing the public configuration, and that are spreading over all the fields, and goes beyond strict educational matters. We focus our attention on the study of `the wrongly known as second immigrants generation´. The aims is to analyse and understand how this young people live between two different cultures. ¿What kind of feelings and behaviours are generated by this situation?. ¿What kind of situation do they assume into the majority culture and into the original familiar group?. ¿ What kind of answer do they receive from their environment?. ¿Do they feel on equal terms?. In short, it´s about analysing the advantages and difficulties of this generation and exposing an educational orientations that could optimize the educational process of this young people.

«Miscegentation or ethnic-systems?»
Joan Manuel Cabezas López

In this article, the author explains the main concepts of his theory (the ethnic- systems theory), and compares them with the miscegenation ideology, considered not only like a non- scientific sub-product, - well considered nowadays-, but, above all, a conceptual gadget used like a tool destined to incorporate the ethnic- system´s plurality in a kind of formless mass supposedly `neutral´, although it is based on the matrix or model of the dominant culture in fact.

To exemplify this theory, in wich the author sets up the melting pot against the free articulation of the social groups, he revises some ethnographic and historic cases that show, on the one hand, that the complexity and plurality of an ethno- systemic collective don´t discredit its legitimacy but, on the contrary, they are its basic condition; on the other hand, show that the inter- cultural societies are always present all through the times and space, and they are not an exceptional situation (and possible problem) into the `modernity´and `post-modernity´; Finally, shows that the miscegenation conceptuality could be possible only since the groups considered in that way, because an external designation suppouse a pejorative and marginal status for the group, or conceals a hidden and perverse annihilation and margination process.

«Everything could be different»
Jordi Grané

Do the people who have suffered extreme violence are condemned to a life with irreparable consequences without return?. Making a little travel round different fields like the Business ´ excellence, the Neurolinguistic Programming, and the `orientation to solutions´, we can contribute reflections that are taken out of the coincidences between those fields. This fact opens a door to the hope to those people who have suffered extreme violence: The trauma is not able to predict anything and people who have been victims could rebuild their history. Starting from the idea of the future like something opened and it´s possible to built it, the intervention on people with after effects would be successful if we focus our attention on their excellences and potentials. In order to achieve that, we would believe in the idea that the change is possible and that everybody should and must play a leading role in their happiness. In short, we must believe in the magic idea that everything could be different.

«Armed conflict in Peru. (1980- 2000): C.V.R. conclusions and consequences on the native peasant organization»
José Javier Ordóñez Echeverría

With the publication of the final inform of the Truth and Reconciliation Commissionin 2003 a debate about the reaching of the conclusions, implications and responsibilities derived from twenty years of domestic armed conflict between the Peruvian State and the subversive organizations Sendero Luminoso and Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement was opened in Peru.

The reflections proposed in the present article pretend to fertilize that debate, mainly from the point of view of the peasant organization, common at the `andinas quechuas´ communities, that are unavoidable part of the armed conflict. Since the publication of the final inform, it´s the time when the high profile of this communities should affect the democratic development of Peru in a more creative and constructive way.

Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Conclusions final inform published in 2003.