EL OTRO TURISMO
SUMMARIE

Techno-tourism and industrial tourism
MIGUEL Á. ÁLVAREZ ARECES

The industrial tourism and techno-tourism that is based on “experiences” and linked to the landscape and territory is a new element that has made a strong appearance in the tourism scene. In some cases, it complements and offers alternatives to the conventional mass tourism that revolves around the sun and the beach, depending on the changes in the behavior patterns of visitors and travelers.
This article analyzes the concept of industrial tourism, the antecedents and evolution of this practice in Spain and internationally, and it asserts the need for visits to companies to acquire a cultural value.
The memory of work and places has turned into the protagonist of this emerging, non-conventional tourism. Millions of people draw routes across life and work settings. The developments in transportation, the customization of traveling thanks to the Internet, the low-cost airlines, the new cultural industries, and the aspiration and desire to be a traveler in order to admire landscapes, monuments and testimonies of everyday life have made heritage parks out of very large stretches of territory. The industrial heritage and landscape tourism, the technical and industrial museums and the visits to companies are being globally interpreted in a process of continuous history.

War tourism
DANIEL MARÍAS

Despite all that war represents in terms of violence, pain, suffering, death or destruction, it seems quite certain that most human beings, whatever the reasons, to a certain extent, feel attracted to it. Warfare has fascinated many people to the point of wishing to visit and tread personally the stage of bloody battles where fought (and often lost their lives) their ancestors and countrymen, or famous historical characters, or to watch the prelude or development of some actual war, even to actively participate in it. The fact is that war tourism is growing, as can witness the quantity of tour guides dedicated to them. However, this denomination includes quite different things, even it they are somehow connected.

Enotourism, a new up-and-coming form of tourism
CRISTINA ÁLVAREZ SOLÍS

Enotourism is a form of cultural traveling that is still on its early stages of development in Spain. Although it is not possible to determine the exact number of enotourism offerings in the market, many Spanish regions are working on its spreading.
There is a favorable context in the tourism market and in consumption habits, gastronomic traveling has become highly popular, and wine is so fashionable that it has turned into a true cultural milestone.
Some important steps have already been taken, such as the start-up of the brand Rutas del Vino in Spain. However, the product’s actual degree of evolution is still weak; a long planning process lies ahead, together with the upgrade of resources and promotion and marketing programs.

Accessible tourism
ANA OLIVERA

What does Tourism for Everybody mean? The author analyzes the issue of accessibility, the improvements achieved in the last few years and the shortcomings that still persist, as well as the architectonic and transportation barriers for vehicles, infrastructure and parking lots. She offers some accessibility criteria that differ from the traditional view ―which postulated that disability was a trait of the affected individuals― and that adopt a new model, in which disability is considered a social construct stemming from a multidirectional interaction between a person and their socio-environmental context.

Nature tourism or ecotourism, adventure tourism, and active tourism
NORBERTO MUÑIZ MARTÍNEZ

Tourism in nature or ecotourism, active tourism and travel adventure are emerging alternatives to the more traditional, classical or mass forms of tourism. These types of tourism involve tourists or travellers in active participation in sports, some degree of risk, or in activities in the wild nature. In the adventure travel is seeking further routes or destinations for its exotic natural attraction or wildlife animals, where free observe animals in their natural environments, meeting other peoples or cultures or distant ancestral from the geographical, cultural or ethnographical point of view, or visiting historic sites and heritage. Thus, these trips provide different feelings and experiences, sometimes unique. It is important for companies developing this tourism to create a brand image consistent with the values that represent these trips, start their bids with a philosophy of business excellence, and balance and respect for the environment, wildlife and local cultures.

Hunting tourism
PACO LEÓN AND DANIEL MARÍAS

The first instances of what today is called hunting tourism are to be found at the eding of the 19th Century. Only after World War II hunting tourism becomes popular, in parallel with touring in general, being increased since by the end of Colonial Empires, the fall of the Iron Curtain or the cheaper prices of airline tickets. This kind of travellers seek a close contact with Nature, to enjoy exotic landscapes as well as the exciting search and shooting of a certain animal species, either to comply with the areas’ planning of game or mostly to get a trophy. The biggest market in the World is without doubt the U.S. In Europe, Spain is probably the preferred country for hunters, as well as the second attending to the number of hunters travelling to foreign countries.

A new form of nature tourism: ornithological tourism
JULIO GRANDE IBARRA

Ornithological tourism is becoming one of the paradigmatic products of nature tourism in Spain. As is the case with other tourism products, it is necessary to assess within its genuine parameters the industry’s actual accommodation potential, on the one hand, and its penetration potential, on the other, as well as to design an adequate territorial planning system and an accurate market research program that may advance the creation of precise and effective fostering plans. This article illustrates the outlook for this kind of tourism in our country by comparing the Spanish market to other markets in the world, analyzing its possibilities and requirements, and proposing guidelines for its development.

Tourism in indigenous communities
DANIEL MARÍAS

These last years, and very particularly in Latin America, there has been a consistent promotion of tourism in peasant communities, also known as native tourism, indigenous tourism, ethnic tourism, ethno-tourism, aboriginal tourism and others. The western tourist in search of new experiences pays to travel to the places where, to a certain extent influenced by modern civilization, dwell some of the many native communities still extant throughout the world, with the purpose of getting acquainted with their culture and, more important yet, to share it, and their way of life, their traditions, their cooking, their handcrafts, their rituals around a campfire, in the midst of the prairie or the heart of the jungle, aboard a canoe or inside a hut.

Quality as a strategy to promote tourism and welcome visitors
JOAQUÍN MIRANDA

Tourism is a transversal economic activity whose scope covers virtually the whole of the service industry, including trade. This transversal trait demands the motivation and cooperation of all destination agents, public or private, particularly of all small firms whose customer bases increase with the visitors’ arrival. The visitors’ assessment of these facilities is as important as that of other infrastructure or public tourism resources (beaches, museums, recreational centers, etc.). As a response to this transversal nature of tourism, the SCTE Destinos (SICTED) was founded, a technological product of the General Secretariat of Tourism (SGT) that offers an integrated and permanent quality-management system for tourism destinations, in order to group together individual actions and efforts under the same goal.

What is tourism? Its evolution through the lens of its definitions
RUBÉN ARNANDIS

A big interest in knowing what Tourism is, as a scientific concept, arose in the first half of the twentieth century. It was a prolific research and the different definitions did not become one, until the WTO gave its definition in 1994. Research was focused on who practised tourism, tourists, instead of tourism; and all the activities which were related to it, rather than tourism itself. Nowadays, nobody denies that tourism is important in many economic sectors, but to societies and territories as well. To have at our disposal a method and an object which identifies it, will improve its better comprehension and application.

Desire and entertainment
Western homoerotic imagery ― from fictional sublimation to the disposable product
LUIZ GONZAGA TRIGO GODOI

Entertainment is one of the great possibilities offered by post-industrial societies, and sex is one of their most developed industries, because it branches into many desires, both possible and fantasized. In the extensive, fragmented context of sexual preferences, the appeal of teenage beauty is quite widespread.
Sex as entertainment has become an increasingly professionalized and profitable business, supplied in the form of various legal and illegal products and services. This text analyzes the transformation of the male teenage beauty standard, first created in a contemporary literary piece, into an icon, thanks to a film version of the same piece, as well as this standard’s influence over the sex market created by the media, due to the multiple representations that draw on it.