WORK AND MONEY: BIAS, CRISIS AND CHANGE IN THE WORLD OF WORK
SUMMARIE

Crisis, innovation and Europe 2020 Strategy, as
excuse.
Javier Velasco Mancebo

The european document 'Europe 2020. A strategy to grow smart, sustainable and inclusively' says that levels of employment in EU are lower than in USA or Japan because older workers are sooner out of the Economy, in addition to the fact that people work here 10% hours less than in both that countries. According to this text, EU needs to be better than it is in two things: innovation (specially via KIT) and time worked in global terms.
But, as it is understood, innovation means poorer standards in quality of life, because it reduces the States ability to get money and, so on, ensures less resources for public services to be paid.
New values and criteria will be needed to solve this problem, values and criteria far from productivity 'over all' and nearer from sustainable development strategies.

The polarization of job opportunities in the
U.S. labor market.
David Autor

When the Jobs Market starts to recover in USA —from the Great Depression, where it is now— its rising will take place in a difficult context: a growing need of high specialized workers and a bigger demand of people in lowest levels, at the same time. Even more, the descending path with learnings in the meddle level will force earnings to grow to be more attractive as a job opportunity.
There are four main causes of this polarization (as the text explains): technological changes in the routine tasks, international trading, offshoring of goods and services and the declining real value of the minimum wage. Educators and policymakers should consider training programs to boost skill levels specially via continual learning, but workers should accept learning, retraining and mobility.

Opposite effects of flexibility.The case of European teleworkers.
Javier Pinilla García

Telework is a flexible form of work organization that has achieved social visibility in the early nineties of the last century. The forecasts for its rapid expansion has not been confirmed. In 2005, in Europe and Spain fixed telework at home employed less than 2% of the employed. Thus it appears that the prediction that new technologies were to allow «working from home» has proved unrealistic. By contrast, enabling new technologies of information and communication is to work from anywhere, that is, «the office phone or laptop, the movement of the individual always connected to the internet in different physical points of space». Thus, teleworking is not at home, but telecommuting may have more mobile future but also occasionally be made from their own home (almost 9% of Europeans would be included under the same investigation if we add this category of teleworkers).This is a group of highly educated and with a large presence of self-employed: their long hours and frequent exposure to high mental and emotional demands seem to be partly offset by greater autonomy in planning and organizing work time, which translates into higher job satisfaction than the average for the employed, and that, despite a level of psychosomatic complaints also higher than that of all the employed.

Mutuas Centennial legacy. Some changes.
Jaime González Gómez

In Spain, as in other democratic, western countries worried by the Welfare state, we enjoy a public system of assistance to the health that also is completed by the guarantees for the economic presentations in case of need (INSS). Competing with the previous one, for the worker in assets and to treat the hurts derived from the exhibition in the work, traditionally there works a system specialized for assistance and recognition of presentations, that it depends on businessmen's associations (privates) that manage public money from the 'quotas' of National Health Service. The latter named mutualist system, though designed to satisfy the demands of the workers, it is directed by the employers who "force" his employees to join the mutual one that the businessman chooses; only existing the individual choice of the collector of the service in case of autonomous workers. In this article it is tried to development: origin, evolution, consequences and current panorama of the mutualist system of attention to the hurts derived from the work. Brief diagnosis. What alternatives exist to the same one. Putting in value of some offers for the change.

Child Labour: a typology of informal work.
Pilar Nova Melle

Child labour is prohibited by all legislations. In spite of this fact there are millions of children in the world effectively working. If working conditions of adults are often detrimental from the standpoint of safety and health, children suffer doubly, because they have to work in jobs rejected by adults and because of their physical frailty.
As they have to work is impossible that many of them can attend school and for this reason their working conditions does not improve and the cycle of poverty is perpetuated.

Reconciling work and family life: Changes
social and future trends.
Violante Martínez Quintana

Reconciling work and family life has been an important progress in the participation of women and men in the workplace, but not without conflicts, disturbances and imbalances, which have been incorporated into society through laws, regulations and conventions within the European and Spanish sphere. These regulations are accompanied by major social changes that are matched in different theories and empirical realities capable of observing, counting and analysis, which removed the main barriers and difficulties that arise, and how to solve the reconciliation of family and labor. Finally, we analyze the social trends of the future in our country under the paradigm of the sociological theory of gender.

The political orientation of Comisiones Obreras.
Julián Sánchez-Vizcaino Castro

As a result of the election of a new Secretary General in its IX Congress, CC. OO. has set up a new political strategy, based on a clear position of this trade union in the social left space. The challenge that faces the new leadership is making real such a new strategy, widening its field of action to the areas of working society that are most severely hit by instability and seasonality. Those sectors are also the most prone to the political disaffection. The location of CCOO on the social left space also demands the relegitimation of this trade union among the social groups above mentioned and for this reason it is necessary for CCOO an special commitment not only on workplaces but on living places, where those groups find currently most of their signs of identity.

The E.R.E.S in Spain.
Balbina López de la Torre García

The employments regulatory processes (ERE) in Spain, as a legal institution, are very well analyzed by Employers Organizations, Unions and law firms. Analysis substantiated only in a legal perspective is not new. However, the crisis is producing a combination not previously given: the meeting of creditors (both national and European level) and the ERE. This analysis not only provides a legal perspective of an institution like the record of employment regulation, but seeks to show an overview for those EREs raised in an economic environment of crisis in a company and when the latter, at European level, it applies under Policy urged creditors process in a European country with a bankruptcy judge not Spanish.

Economic growth and mobilization of force
Work in the XXI Century.
Rosa María Rodríguez Rodríguez

In this article we analize the migration processes in the 21st Century as one of the effects of the dynamic development of the world capital system. We can see the main keys of the structural context and the changes in the productive systems that are affecting the international migration movements, creating different migration trends and profiles such as the demand of migrant women workers or high qualified workers.

The working enviroment in the security forces
State.
Julio Bordas Martínez

Workplace climate is the result of the interaction of workers from diverse origins, categories and speciality within the organizational structure of a company, whose corporate culture gives meaning to its strategy, goals, decisionmaking, and allows forecasting workers' actions and opinions in their work environment. Workplace climate furnishes the context that enables us to research, explain and predict workers' motivation and their satisfaction or insatisfaction with their material and cultural working conditions.
In the case of State Security Forces, workplace climate is two-tiered, although overlapping in many aspects, due to the major differences in corporate culture and organizational structure of the Cuerpo Nacional de Policía and the Guardia Civil.